This brazen decision eliminated the possibility of any retreat. He fought Tlaxacan and Cholula warriors and then set his sights on taking over the Aztec empire. He traveled to Honduras in to stop a rebellion against him in the area. This was to be his last major expedition. He traveled to Spain to plead his case to the king, but he was not reappointed to his governorship. Francisco Pizarro was an explorer, soldier and conquistador best known for conquering the Incas and executing their leader, Atahuapla.
He was born around in Trujillo, Spain. Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian-born merchant and explorer who took part in early voyages to the New World on behalf of Spain around the late 15th century. By that time, the Vikings had established settlements in present-day North America as early as 1, A. The explorer Christopher Columbus made four trips across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain: in , , and He was determined to find a direct water route west from Europe to Asia, but he never did.
Instead, he stumbled upon the Americas. Though he did not really A decade later, he was serving as governor of the eastern province of Hispaniola when he decided to explore a nearby island, which became Sir Francis Drake participated in some of the earliest English slaving voyages to Africa and earned a reputation for his privateering, or piracy, against Spanish ships and possessions.
In search of fame and fortune, Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan c. Columbus had set sail hoping to find a route to Asia or India. Nutmeg, cloves and pomander from the Indonesian "Spice Islands" and pepper and cinnamon from India were in high demand, said Cosme.
He decided to seek fortune and adventure in Hispaniola modern-day Dominican Republic and Haiti. In , he joined Diego Velasquez's expedition to conquer Cuba. He convinced Velasquez, the governor of Cuba, to let him lead an expedition to Mexico. Velasquez canceled the voyage at the last minute. He quickly overpowered them, and the natives surrendered. She actually had a pretty high status for both a woman and a native during this time and place among the Spaniards.
On the southeastern coast he founded Veracruz, where he dismissed the authority of Velasquez and declared himself under orders from King Charles I of Spain. These conquests laid the foundations for colonial regimes that would transform the Americas. The conquest of Mexico began with an expedition to search for gold on the American mainland.
They seized the emperor Motecuzoma II, who died in during a skirmish between Spanish forces and residents of Tenochtitlan. Native allies also provided Spanish forces with logistical support and secure bases in friendly territory. New York: Longman, , — In Mexico the Spaniards profited from internal problems within the Aztec Empire. In the early s unrest ran rampant among many recently subdued tribes, who were forced to pay tribute and furnish sacrificial victims for their Aztec overlords.
Before marching against the Aztec capital, he destroyed his ships to prevent his men from turning back. In a few battles the Spanish horses, firearms, steel armor, and tactics produced decisive victories. Malinche then informed Montezuma, as if in confidence, that he must cooperate or die. The bold scheme worked temporarily, but soon the Aztecs rebelled, renounced their emperor as a traitor, stoned and killed him when he tried to pacify them, and ultimately drove a battered band of terrified Spaniards from the city in the narrowest of escapes.
Finally, after fearful slaughter, some 60, exhausted and half-starved defenders surrendered. Most tribes in Central Mexico then accepted Spanish rule; many who resisted were enslaved. Like the Caribbean Indians, the people of Mexico had no precedent by which to judge these strange visitors.
Other Indians saw the Spaniards as powerful human allies against the Aztecs, who had imposed their rule during the previous century. Soon a major battle was raging in and about the capital between the Spaniards and the supporters of the Aztecs.
At one point the Aztecs gained the upper hand, destroying half the Spanish force and four thousand of their Amerindian allies and offering their gods a sacrifice of fifty-three Spaniards and four horses, their severed heads displayed in rows on pikes. When the capital fell, the conquistadors overcame other parts of Mexico.
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