End Result of Action Neutralizes acid in stomach suppress gastric acid secretion suppress gastric acid secretion Mechanism of action how they work block, histamine, one of the first stimuli for acid production.
This is due to the fact that other stimuli, in addition to histamine 2, stimulate acid production in the stomach and H2-blockers only block histamine 2. NB: Can be taken twice daily. Search for:. PPIs yield greater acid suppression than H2 blockers. H2 blockers reduce the amount of acid your stomach makes. H2 blockers usually start to work within an hour. OTC example is famotidine brand name: Pepcid. It may take a little longer for a PPI to help your symptoms, but relief will last longer.
Most forms start working in a few days. PPIs are most helpful for people who have chronic heartburn more than 2 days a week. Read More by Dr. Katherine Beben. Path to improved health To find out which medicine is right for you, talk to your family doctor. Talk to your doctor before taking a proton pump inhibitor if: You are elderly or have immune system problems. PPIs can increase your risk for pneumonia. You are a postmenopausal woman.
PPIs reduce calcium absorption and increase your risk for osteoporosis. You have been treated for a Clostridium difficile C. PPIs may increase the risk that your infection returns. When to see the doctor Let your doctor know how the OTC medicines work for you.
Bloody or black stools. People can buy antacids as tablets, liquids, or chewable gummies. Examples of over-the-counter OTC antacid brands include:. The active ingredients can vary according to the brand and specific product.
However, common active ingredients include:. Antacids differ from other types of medications that doctors may prescribe for excess acid symptoms.
These include proton pump inhibitors PPIs and histamine 2 H2 blockers. Heartburn is common during pregnancy, especially when the uterus is pushing on the stomach. This pressure can force stomach acid up the esophagus food pipe , causing heartburn symptoms. Pregnant women should use antacids cautiously during pregnancy. They should avoid antacids containing sodium bicarbonate, which could affect the fetus.
However, TUMS and other products containing calcium carbonate are safe to take during pregnancy. Women who are pregnant should not take antacids containing aspirin. Anyone who is unsure what antacids to take should speak to their doctor. Acid reflux in children can have various causes , including, developmental delay and obesity.
It is important that children with acid reflux symptoms see a doctor for a diagnosis. A pharmacist can offer more advice on appropriate options. Antacids use a combination of calcium, magnesium , and aluminum salts as their active ingredients. These medications work by neutralizing the acid in the stomach. They also inhibit pepsin , which is an enzyme that plays a role in protein digestion. Pepsin works with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to provide the acidic environment necessary to digest food.
Some antacids include a foaming agent called alginate that floats on top of the stomach contents and prevents acid from coming into contact with the esophagus. Some people may experience side effects when taking antacids. These effects are usually associated with specific ingredients.
Therefore, people may be able to reduce or eliminate side effects by switching to another brand. The combination substantially raises the price, and the addition of the less-effective aluminum hydroxide reduces the antacid benefit.
Magnesium hydroxide is not absorbed by the intestine. However, its interaction with stomach acid produces magnesium chloride that can be absorbed. Magnesium has many functions in human cells, including the heart, and may have harmful effects if levels in the blood rise.
This is not a problem for a person with healthy kidneys, but magnesium should be avoided if renal failure is present. Heartburn that occurs now and then is common. Aluminum Hydroxide [Al OH 3] — Compared to magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide is a weak, slow-acting antacid, and its acid-neutralizing effect varies among commercial products. Aluminum may protect the stomach lining from the damaging effects of alcohol and other irritants.
Aluminum hydroxide inactivates the gastric digestive enzyme pepsin. However, the principal reason for its inclusion in commercial antacid preparations is to counteract the diarrhea effect of magnesium. Aluminum hydroxide has other uses. It binds phosphate in the gut lumen to produce insoluble aluminum phosphate, a feature that is useful in kidney failure when the serum phosphate is abnormally high.
It is also useful for patients who tend to form phosphate-containing kidney stones. A very small amount of aluminum is absorbed, and brain damage might occur with its long-term use in the treatment of kidney failure. Chronic, excessive use of aluminum hydroxide may deplete the body of phosphate, causing metabolic bone disease e. Aluminum hydroxide may alter the absorption of certain drugs [including some used to treat cardiac disease or high blood pressure] so they should not be taken simultaneously.
It can completely neutralize stomach acid. Nonetheless, it is not always the best choice for regular use. Another disadvantage of calcium carbonate may be the tendency for gastric acid secretion to rebound after calcium is given.
The dose should not exceed 3 g per day. It is a good idea to think of any substance you take for a therapeutic affect as a medication.
Tell your doctor about it. This applies whether taking a prescription or over the counter drug, herb, or supplement.
We recommend consultation with a qualified health care professional familiar with your particular circumstances when trying any self-treatment for a chronic or persistent condition. How to Talk to Your Doctor. Peppermint flavoring — Peppermint is the most common antacid flavoring. By relaxing the lower esophageal sphincter to release gas, peppermint encourages the release of a belch after a meal, hence the popularity of after-dinner mints.
Antiflatulent — Simethicone is a surfactant, which presumably by breaking down bubbles within the gut renders gas available for absorption. Despite the lack of evidence of effectiveness, simethicone is included in some popular antacid preparations, thereby increasing their cost.
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